> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.aviumtechnologies.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.aviumtechnologies.com/user-guide/the-mesh-file.md).

# The mesh file

The APM Preprocessor supports mesh files in **.stl** format. The **.stl** file is a commonly used mesh file format which represents bodies with triangular elements. If a body is represented only with triangular elements its mesh is said to be unstructured. Conversely, if a body is represented only with quadrilateral elements its mesh is said to be structured. The images below show an unstructured mesh of a fixed-wing UAV, a structured mesh of a NACA0015 wing, and a hybrid (mixed) mesh of a fixed-wing UAV.

![Unstructured mesh of a fixed-wing UAV](/files/-MVXJEk3BcPa9XXm-j7b)

![Structured mesh of a NACA0015 wing](/files/-MVgEqNERMDyInDgYYtf)

<figure><img src="/files/LUFjb7aQxiR5FxKTB39O" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

## File formats

### .stl

The **.stl** mesh file format can only store unstructured meshes. However, the APM Preprocessor supports a non-standard **.stl** mesh file format which can store structured meshes. A typical structure of a **.stl** mesh file is shown below:

```
solid "name"
    facet normal nx ny nz      
        outer loop
            vertex x y z
            vertex x y z
            vertex x y z
        endloop
    endfacet                   
    facet normal nx ny nz      
        outer loop
            vertex x y z
            vertex x y z
            vertex x y z
        endloop
    endfacet       
    ...
    ...
    ...
endsolid
```

Each mesh element is defined by the `facet` keyword. The `normal` keyword and the `nx`, `ny`, `nz` variables specify the unit normal vector of the element. The `vertex` keyword and the `x`, `y`, `z` variables specify a vertex of the element. Since each element has 3 vertices the `vertex` keyword and the `x`, `y`, `z` variables are repeated three times.

For structured meshes, a fourth vertex is added to each element.

{% hint style="info" %}
A **.stl** file with four vertices per element is non-standard and is specific to the APM Preprocessor.
{% endhint %}

{% file src="/files/P6052hUA0c3urCPWVmAi" %}

### .ucd

The **.ucd** mesh file format can only store unstructured and structured meshes. A typical structure of a **.ucd** mesh file is shown below:

```
# <comment 1>
.
.
.
# <comment n>
<num_nodes> <num_cells> <num_ndata> <num_cdata> <num_mdata>
<node_id 1> <x> <y> <z>
<node_id 2> <x> <y> <z>
<node_id num_nodes> <x> <y> <z>
<cell_id 1> <mat_id> <cell_type> <cell_vert 1> ... <cell_vert n>
<cell_id 2> <mat_id> <cell_type> <cell_vert 1> ... <cell_vert n>
<cell_id num_cells> <mat_id> <cell_type> <cell_vert 1> ...<cell_vert n>
```

{% file src="/files/2KGqhO0whmA9qqvENvqU" %}

### .wrl

The **.wrl** mesh file format can only store unstructured and structured meshes. A typical structure of a **.wrl** mesh file is shown below:

```
Shape {
    geometry IndexedFaceSet {
        coord Coordinate {
            point [
                <x> <y> <z>
                <x> <y> <z>
                <x> <y> <z>
                ...
            ]
        }
        coordIndex [
            <cell_vert 1> ... <cell_vert n>
            <cell_vert 1> ... <cell_vert n>
            <cell_vert 1> ... <cell_vert n>
            ...
        ]
    }
}
```

{% file src="/files/zyvjIV9Sd6RG7JORTKmw" %}